We examine the pre-manipulation distributions of beginning-of-the-year current assets and current liabilities conditional on the level of earnings. The observations are sorted on the earnings variable to form equal-sized portfolios of 1,000 observations per portfolio. The portfolio boundaries are defined relative to zero: The first portfolio right of zero consists of the 1,000 smallest positive earnings observations, the second portfolio right of zero consists of the 1,000 next smallest positive earnings, and so on. Similarly, the first portfolio left of zero consists of the 1,000 smallest magnitude negative earnings observations. Thus, within each portfolio, the earnings variable is approximately constant
We examine the pre-manipulation distributions of beginning-of-the-year current assets and current liabilities conditional on the level of earnings. The observations are sorted on the earnings variable to form equal-sized portfolios of 1,000 observations per portfolio. The portfolio boundaries are defined relative to zero: The first portfolio right of zero consists of the 1,000 smallest positive earnings observations, the second portfolio right of zero consists of the 1,000 next smallest positive earnings, and so on. Similarly, the first portfolio left of zero consists of the 1,000 smallest magnitude negative earnings observations. Thus, within each portfolio, the earnings variable is approximately constant
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