Public-private approaches and primary health care have been used successfully to expand service delivery and patient access, and to improve treatment coverage and health outcomes. In Bangladesh, the ministry of health has worked with two major NGOs to provide tuberculosis services through primary health-care services and community health workers. In Cambodia, hospitalbased DOTS care was the norm until strengthened primary health care enabled delivery of integrated
community-based tuberculosis care. The National Rural Health Mission in India has provided a unique opportunity for expanding integrated service delivery, including rapid scale-up of child health, tuberculosis, and combined tuberculosis and HIV services.