All sites were dominated by European beech (Fagus sylvatica) but, depending on the management, had varying degrees of admixed additional tree species (Table S1). The BA was dominated by three tree species (85 % F. sylvatica, 10 % Acer sp., and Fraxinus sp. 5 %), whereas the BS was dominated by two tree species (90 % F. sylvatica and 10 % Acer sp.) and the BU by F. sylvatica alone.