The period under discussion saw an ideological shift towards what may be called 'developmental democracy'. This involved the gradual immersion of thinking about democracy in terms of how to relate 'Thai characteristics' to democratic rule, and plans towards developing the population such that it was fit to democracy. This project was framed by the doctrine of political development, a doctrine which was deployed in order that state forces could incorporate sections of the population into the state's symbolic codes and its administrative structures. The new democracy was encased in a pastoral type rationality that sought to lead people towards forms of self-discipline and practice conducive to statist-led developmental democracy