Abstract
Objective
To describe patterns in sweetened beverage consumption by race/ethnicity and sex, documenting both the amount and types of sweetened beverages consumed; and to examine the association of sweetened beverage consumption with hyperactivity/inattention symptoms among middle school students in a single urban school district.
Methods
Middle school students (n = 1649; 47% Hispanic and 38% black, non-Hispanic) from 12 schools, randomly selected out of 27 district schools, completed health behavior surveys in fall 2011. Students reported quantity and types of sweetened beverages consumed in the past 24 hours and completed the 5-item Hyperactivity/Inattention subscale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire to measure symptoms.
Results
Amount and variety of reported sweetened beverage consumption (including energy drinks) were greater among boys versus girls and among black and Hispanic versus white students. Risk of hyperactivity/inattention increased by 14% for each additional sweetened beverage consumed, adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, sex, school lunch eligibility, family structure, and sugary food consumption. Students reporting consumption of energy drinks were 66% more likely to be at risk for hyperactivity/inattention after adjusting for number of drinks, other types of drinks consumed, and other potential confounders.
Conclusions
Results support recommendations to limit consumption of sweetened beverages and to avoid consumption of energy drinks among children. Interventions to reduce sweetened beverage consumption should explicitly focus on energy drinks and other emerging sweetened beverages such as sports and sweetened coffee drinks. More research is needed to understand the direction of effects and the mechanisms behind the association between sweetened beverages and hyperactivity/inattention symptoms.
Keywords
ADHD; adolescents; energy drinks; nutrition; sweetened beverages
AbstractObjectiveTo describe patterns in sweetened beverage consumption by race/ethnicity and sex, documenting both the amount and types of sweetened beverages consumed; and to examine the association of sweetened beverage consumption with hyperactivity/inattention symptoms among middle school students in a single urban school district.MethodsMiddle school students (n = 1649; 47% Hispanic and 38% black, non-Hispanic) from 12 schools, randomly selected out of 27 district schools, completed health behavior surveys in fall 2011. Students reported quantity and types of sweetened beverages consumed in the past 24 hours and completed the 5-item Hyperactivity/Inattention subscale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire to measure symptoms.ResultsAmount and variety of reported sweetened beverage consumption (including energy drinks) were greater among boys versus girls and among black and Hispanic versus white students. Risk of hyperactivity/inattention increased by 14% for each additional sweetened beverage consumed, adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, sex, school lunch eligibility, family structure, and sugary food consumption. Students reporting consumption of energy drinks were 66% more likely to be at risk for hyperactivity/inattention after adjusting for number of drinks, other types of drinks consumed, and other potential confounders.Conclusionsผลสนับสนุนคำแนะนำ การจำกัดปริมาณการใช้ของหวานเครื่องดื่ม และ เพื่อหลีกเลี่ยงการบริโภคเครื่องดื่มพลังงานระหว่างเด็ก การแทรกแซงเพื่อลดการบริโภคเครื่องดื่มที่หวานได้ควรเน้นอย่างชัดเจนเครื่องดื่มพลังงาน และอื่น ๆ เกิดขึ้นใสเครื่องดื่มเช่นกีฬา และใสเครื่องดื่มกาแฟ วิจัยเพิ่มเติมที่จำเป็นสำหรับการเข้าใจทิศทางของผลกระทบและกลไกเบื้องหลังความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างเครื่องดื่มหวานและอาการเข้าร่องเข้า รอย/inattentionคำสำคัญภาระผูกพัน วัยรุ่น เครื่องดื่มพลังงาน โภชนาการ เครื่องดื่มของหวาน
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