Forestry activity, besides firewood sales, includes the
value of silvicultural treatments and natural cork growth as
part of the forestry FO. This activity totals a NOM before
net subsidies of 22.4 h ha1
. In Haza, cork stripping
generates a NOM of 13.7 h ha1 (Table 2).
GR rent, as an IO, accounts for 87.1 h ha1
, with a NOM
of 23.9 h ha1
. For GR accounting, the FOs of work-inprogress
(FOWp) include annual forage cropping on rangeland,
and the owner’s internal investment (FOoi) includes
pasture improvements and other grazing investment. Forage
cr
crops growing in monte could not be separated from
woodland and pastureland owing to the difficulties of
separating intermediate GR outputs (Table 2).
Cattle husbandry is the main management activity at
Haza, with a TO of 647.1 h ha1
, contributing 55% of
Haza TO. A large part of Haza resources including labor,
machinery and annual intermediate external expenditures
are devoted to cattle production, which accounts for 64%
of Haza’s TC and 45% of its LC. Cattle NOM indicates the
results under pure market price conditions, generating a
negative value of 112.1 h ha1 (Table 2). However,
current government subsidies for cattle husbandry at Haza
add 167.0 h ha1
, generating a positive NOS after net
subsidies of 54.9 h ha1
.
Crops grown at Haza generate negative NOM figures of
22.2 h ha1 for meadows and 37.2 h ha1 for annual
crops (Table 2). Crop-growing for cattle reflects the desire
of managers to control fodder quality. The negative NOM
generated by hay growing, the grazing of meadows and
annual crop-growing is not mitigated by government
operating subsidies, so the NOS is negative (Rodrı´guez
et al., 2004). When cattle husbandry and crop-growing are
put together, the NOS is positive once again.
The amenity self-consumption figure is an agroforestry
joint benefit of market outputs; since we have not
considered the production cost of such amenities, the
amenity output matches the owner’s environmental benefit.
The amenity self-consumption value estimated in the
Monfragu¨e area’s dehesa amounts to an average of
100.2 h ha1
, which represents roughly 8.4% of Haza’s
TO (Table 2).
In Haza, the FO is 940.1 h ha1 and the IO is
245.9 h ha1
. Since IOs are accounted for in the output
and cost sides (in order to estimate the net value added for
a single good or service), TO is a double accounting figure
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