Biofilm formation is a dynamic process which in a sequential manner involves attachment, microcolony formation
and maturation as well as dispersal [1]. Intracellular signaling pathways are affected and modulated by the environment, in particular the c-di-GMP levels of bacteria that greatly influence biofilm formation or dispersal[2]. In addition, bacteria communicate and interact with each other by means of extracellular signals in order to pool their communal efforts [3]. Although biofilms are present everywhere and affect every facet of our lives, the understanding of how they are organized, how they function and how they can be controlled is currently limited. This lack of understanding can be attributed to the complexity of biofilm formation dynamics and interspecies interactions, coupled with an historic lack of technology that enables such intricacies to be elucidated. It is evident that a deeper understanding of biofilm processes will provide new and better opportunities for the development of biofilm control with regard to biotechnological processes and improvement of human health, an understanding that can now be achieved with the emergence and ongoing refinement of molecular and analytical tools (Figure 1).