In other words, synergy occurs when 1+1=3.
Exhibit 2.7 illustrates how the elements of systems management work together.
Whereas closed system can function without interacting with their environments, nearly all organisations should be viewed as open systems that interact with their environments and depend on them for survival.
Therefore, rather than viewing what goes on within the organisation as separate from what goes on side it, the systems approach also encourages managers ti look for connection between the different parts of the organisation and the different parts of its environment.