A new perspective to understand entrepreneurship 75
the field of entrepreneurship concerns only the private sector, non-profit organisations and areas of the public sector that sell products or services on a market. Others, mostly classic economists (John Stuart Mill, Say, Ricardo, Smith) and Marxists, have taken the field of entrepreneurship beyond the trade sector by considering value in relation to production and its costs. The following example should help understand the debate. Should we consider as an entrepreneur the university scholar who, thanks to his or her charisma, personal commitment and energy, has initiated the founding and development of a public research laboratory recognised internationally as a beacon of excellence; even though the resources come exclusively from public funds and not from the sale of services on a market? This situation involves an individual/ activity creation dialogic (activity that, in this case, is supposedly new). We can probably speak, at least, of entrepreneurial behaviour, or an entrepreneurial-type phenomenon. As is shown by Gartner’s work (1990), the scientific community does not seem opposed to a broader definition of the field in order to include the non-commercial sector. Besides, this position is coherent with the foundations of the field. Considering the entrepreneur as a necessary element of the creation of value implies a vision focused on the supply rather than the demand.
The case of A also illustrates another issue linked to the definition of value. A’s business has a turnover, in the respect that it produces value on the transport market. However, nothing seems to have changed with regard to his former situation. We take this opportunity to state that our preoccupation is not to claim that value creation always represents a progress for the community,2 especially so as value creation can bring about, by a perverse effect, the immediate or subsequent disappearance of an even greater value (external diseconomy).
Change and time: two essential interrelated notions
While the individual/value creation dialogic is pivotal in our definition of entrepreneurship, it is the notion of time which completes it and makes its diversity. Entrepreneurship refers to movement, change, something in the making, creative time.
2 The notion of progress would deserve clarification, but this would take us beyond the scope of this work.
A new perspective to understand entrepreneurship 75
the field of entrepreneurship concerns only the private sector, non-profit organisations and areas of the public sector that sell products or services on a market. Others, mostly classic economists (John Stuart Mill, Say, Ricardo, Smith) and Marxists, have taken the field of entrepreneurship beyond the trade sector by considering value in relation to production and its costs. The following example should help understand the debate. Should we consider as an entrepreneur the university scholar who, thanks to his or her charisma, personal commitment and energy, has initiated the founding and development of a public research laboratory recognised internationally as a beacon of excellence; even though the resources come exclusively from public funds and not from the sale of services on a market? This situation involves an individual/ activity creation dialogic (activity that, in this case, is supposedly new). We can probably speak, at least, of entrepreneurial behaviour, or an entrepreneurial-type phenomenon. As is shown by Gartner’s work (1990), the scientific community does not seem opposed to a broader definition of the field in order to include the non-commercial sector. Besides, this position is coherent with the foundations of the field. Considering the entrepreneur as a necessary element of the creation of value implies a vision focused on the supply rather than the demand.
The case of A also illustrates another issue linked to the definition of value. A’s business has a turnover, in the respect that it produces value on the transport market. However, nothing seems to have changed with regard to his former situation. We take this opportunity to state that our preoccupation is not to claim that value creation always represents a progress for the community,2 especially so as value creation can bring about, by a perverse effect, the immediate or subsequent disappearance of an even greater value (external diseconomy).
Change and time: two essential interrelated notions
While the individual/value creation dialogic is pivotal in our definition of entrepreneurship, it is the notion of time which completes it and makes its diversity. Entrepreneurship refers to movement, change, something in the making, creative time.
2 The notion of progress would deserve clarification, but this would take us beyond the scope of this work.
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