This brief review of behavioral polymorphism in other
species has several implications for the maintenance of
personality variation in humans. Here, I wish to focus on
two generalizations. First, variation is a normal and ubiquitous
result of the fluctuating nature of selection, coupled
with the large numbers of genes that can affect behavior.
Frequency-dependent selection, oft discussed as a maintainer
of variation, is in fact just a subcase of the more
general phenomenon of fluctuating selection. Second, behavioral
alternatives can be considered as trade-offs, with a
particular trait producing not unalloyed advantage but a
mixture of costs and benefits such that the optimal value for
fitness may depend on very specific local circumstances.
With these generalizations in mind, I now turn to the
consideration of personality variation in humans.
This brief review of behavioral polymorphism in otherspecies has several implications for the maintenance ofpersonality variation in humans. Here, I wish to focus ontwo generalizations. First, variation is a normal and ubiquitousresult of the fluctuating nature of selection, coupledwith the large numbers of genes that can affect behavior.Frequency-dependent selection, oft discussed as a maintainerof variation, is in fact just a subcase of the moregeneral phenomenon of fluctuating selection. Second, behavioralalternatives can be considered as trade-offs, with aparticular trait producing not unalloyed advantage but amixture of costs and benefits such that the optimal value forfitness may depend on very specific local circumstances.With these generalizations in mind, I now turn to theconsideration of personality variation in humans.
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