Let a card be drawn at random from an ordinary deck of 52 playing cards. Then the sample space S is the set of m = 52 different cards, and it is reasonable to assume that each of these cards has the same probability of selection, 1/52. Accordingly, if A is the set of outcomes that are kings, then P(A) = 4/52 = 1/13 because there are h = 4 kings in the deck. That is, 1/13 is the probability of drawing a card that is a king, provided that each of the 52 cards has the same probability of being drawn.
In Example 1.2-6, the computations are very easy because there is no probability in the determination of the appropriate values of h and m. However, instead of drawing only one card, suppose that 13 are taken at random and without replacement. Then we can think of each possible 13-card hand as being an outcome in a sample space, and it is reasonable to assume that each of these outcomes has the same probability. For example, to use the preceding method to assign the probability of a hand consisting of seven spades and six hearts, we must be able to count the number h of all such hands, as well as the number m of possible 13-card hands. In these more complicated situations, we need better methods of determining h and m. We discuss some of these counting techniques in Section 1.3.
Let a card be drawn at random from an ordinary deck of 52 playing cards. Then the sample space S is the set of m = 52 different cards, and it is reasonable to assume that each of these cards has the same probability of selection, 1/52. Accordingly, if A is the set of outcomes that are kings, then P(A) = 4/52 = 1/13 because there are h = 4 kings in the deck. That is, 1/13 is the probability of drawing a card that is a king, provided that each of the 52 cards has the same probability of being drawn.
In Example 1.2-6, the computations are very easy because there is no probability in the determination of the appropriate values of h and m. However, instead of drawing only one card, suppose that 13 are taken at random and without replacement. Then we can think of each possible 13-card hand as being an outcome in a sample space, and it is reasonable to assume that each of these outcomes has the same probability. For example, to use the preceding method to assign the probability of a hand consisting of seven spades and six hearts, we must be able to count the number h of all such hands, as well as the number m of possible 13-card hands. In these more complicated situations, we need better methods of determining h and m. We discuss some of these counting techniques in Section 1.3.
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