inappropriate" behavior, whereas Pageat(1998) recognizes the aspect of"pathology" and considers a behavior either as"physiological or "pathological." . According to Mills(2003), it is worth logical" distinguishing between maladaptive and malfunctional behaviors are defined as attempts to behave in an Maladaptive adaptive way in an environment to which complete adaptation may behaviors are defined as expressions Malfunctional not be possible. of direct disruption of the nervous system, for example, age-related decline in function. However, most problematic behaviors originate in the normal processes regulating the species-typical behavior of the individual, with the problem being not the animal's behavior per se but rather the problem that it poses for its owner(Askew, 2003). A behavior may be"normal" in the dog population(Overall, 1997)and"adaptive" for the individual, but the owner may consider it"abnormal" because it is not acceptable for the envi- ronmental context in which it occurs(Bram Dube et al., 2008)