To accurately identify
adulterants, we also developed SCAR markers able to identify the inauthentic P. rupestris and P. saniculifolia species.
Furthermore, we established multiplex-PCR SCAR assays to simultaneously distinguish all four species using combinations
of species-specific SCAR marker primer sets. These efforts resulted in reliable DNA-based molecular markers
to identify authentic Patriniae Radix species from their adulterants and a rapid authentication assay for the efficient
identification of Patrinia species. These markers will facilitate the standardization of Patriniae Radix preparations and
therefore prevent the distribution of adulterants