Integumentary system
The primary structure of the integumentary
system is the skin, which is composed of two
layers: the epidermis and the dermis. The
epidermis is the external layer of skin, and it
is composed of five layers. From the inside
out, they are the stratum germinativum,
stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum,
stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum. Skin
cells are formed in the deepest layer and
gradually move outward until they die and
are removed from the body. The dermis
contains the nerves, blood vessels, and
sensory receptors. Nails, hair, and cutaneous
glands are also part of the integumentary
system. There are two kinds of cutaneous
glands: sebaceous (oil-secreting) and
sudoriferous (sweat-secreting).
The integumentary system carries out
numerous functions in addition to protecting
the internal organs from injury and infection.
The integumentary system contains nerves,
which relay information about the external
world to the brain. The skin contains
sudoriferous and sebaceous glands that
secrete sweat and oil, respectively. These
chemicals help to regulate the amount of
water in the body. The skin also adjusts its
into the body through the skin, while a small
amount of carbon dioxide is released from the
skin.
Respiratory system
The respiratory system is designed to acquire
necessary nutrients for the cells through
respiration. Respiration is the process by
which the body exchanges carbon dioxide
wastes from the body for fresh oxygen. This
gaseous exchange occurs in three separate
areas:
One area where the exchange occurs
is deep inside the lungs, which is
where the blood carries the carbon
dioxide wastes to exchange them with
the oxygen from the external
environment.
The internal respiration process is
completed when the blood carries
fresh oxygen to tissue cells
throughout the body and then makes
the transfer.
Respiration also occurs within the
individualized cells.
Respiration process
Respiration begins with the intake of oxygen
through the nasal passages. It is then carried