In seven studies, the risk of performance bias based on blinding of participants and personnel was unclear due to insufficient information and the risk of detection bias was high because appropriate blinding of outcome assessment was not implemented. However,participant blinding in classroom instruction and gatekeeper training interventions may not be possible. In the remaining CBA (Joffe 2008), the risk of performance bias was low because the outcome (i.e. suicide) was unlikely to be influenced by a lack of blinding and the potential for detection bias in this study was unclear.