Giuseppina et alfrom Italy have worked on developing a hand exoskeleton system (see Fig.
11) which is also controlled by EMG signals [24]. This is mainly developed for hand rehabili‐
tation where people have partially lost the ability to correctly control their hand movements.
Figure 12 shows the control flow chart of the hand rehabilitation robot. During the research
they have selected the relevant muscle to capture the finger motion and EMG electrodes are
placed in order to minimize the noise due to the movements. This is one of the important factors
to be considered when placing dry electrodes on the skin. The control system of the robot
consists of microcontroller and EMG acquisition systems. Processed EMG signals are com‐
municated with the microcontroller via serial connection. Finally the microcontroller generates
the command signal required to drive the actuator and control real positions by means of
sensory inputs. Threshold is defined in order to distinguish the real electric activity of the
muscle from other interferences. According to [24], the relationship between motor speed, v(t)
and joint angle position, θ (t)is obtained as in equation (1