Solow-sustainability and Holling-sustainability demarcate different
approaches. Second, the demarcation between monodisciplinarity
and interdisciplinarity approaches illustrates a further distinction.
Solow-sustainability argues for the substitutability of natural capital
with built capital within the framework of neoclassical economics.
Yet, this approach is not well suited to sustainable development
questions: “Since they [Solow-sustainability assumptions] ignore
the fact that the human economy is an integral part of a materially
closed evolutionary system, models constructed on the basis
of such assumptions are necessarily blind to the dynamic implications
of this fact” (Common and Perrings, 1992, p. 15). Hollingsustainability,
in contrast, relies on the resilience and evolution of ecosystems
in interaction with social systems. Here a systemic perspective
of complex adaptive systems is proposed as the analytical framework
(Holling and Sanderson, 1996).