The IAS 41 brought the debate into the agricultural accounting domain. Most authors were critical with the requirement of fair valuation for biological assets and value changes to be recognised in profit and loss statement. Penttinen et al. (2004) claimed that fair valuation would cause unrealistic fluctuations in net profit of forest enterprises. Herbohn and Herbohn (2006) and Dowling and Godfrey (2001) stressed on the increased volatility, manipulation and subjectivity of reported earnings under this standard. Both studies were performed in the context of the Australian of Accounting Standards Board 1037 (requiring similarly to IAS 41) and provided empirical evidence of Australian entities preference for cost valuation or delaying the adoption of fair valuation. Specifically, Herbohn and Herbohn (2006) calculated coefficients of variation of profits, and gains and losses from timber assets as a percent of net profits, of eight public companies and five state and territory government departments with material holdings of timber assets for four years. The authors argued that figures
provided an insight into the volatility caused by the fair value measurement. Elad (2004) complained that the IAS 41 is a major departure from historic cost accounting, could signal the demise of the French Plan Comptable Général Agricole (PGCA) model, entails the recognition of unrealized gains and increases profit volatility. However, Argilés and Slof (2001) welcomed fair value measurement for biological assets because it avoids the complexity of calculating their costs, given the
predominance of small family farms in Western countries, and specifically in the European Union (EU), with no resources and skills to perform accounting procedures and valuations. The nature of farming makes an historical-based valuation of biological assets inherently difficult because they are affected by procreation, growth, death, as well as typical problems, usually exceeded in agriculture, of joint-cost situations. This complexity is a specially acute problem for small family households. Kroll (1987) and Lewis and Jones (1980) concluded that historical costs are not very informative to users,
and allocations to assets are arbitrary in most cases. The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (1996) and the Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants (1986) recommended the historic cost, considering also the possibility of realizable value as an alternative. The French PGCA adhered also to the historic cost principle. However, Kroll (1987) regretted that the complexity in asset valuation and accounts was an important barrier to its use in practice. Elad (2004) points out that simplicity is not a merit of fair value where does not exist an active market for a biological asset. Argilés
and Slof (2001) stated that IAS 41 conceptual’s framework has already been in fact widely and successfully implemented in the EU through the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN), which has been fulfilling the role of a quasi-standard-setting body in the absence of previous pronouncements on agricultural standards from other authorities (Poppe and Beers, 1996).
The IAS 41 brought the debate into the agricultural accounting domain. Most authors were critical with the requirement of fair valuation for biological assets and value changes to be recognised in profit and loss statement. Penttinen et al. (2004) claimed that fair valuation would cause unrealistic fluctuations in net profit of forest enterprises. Herbohn and Herbohn (2006) and Dowling and Godfrey (2001) stressed on the increased volatility, manipulation and subjectivity of reported earnings under this standard. Both studies were performed in the context of the Australian of Accounting Standards Board 1037 (requiring similarly to IAS 41) and provided empirical evidence of Australian entities preference for cost valuation or delaying the adoption of fair valuation. Specifically, Herbohn and Herbohn (2006) calculated coefficients of variation of profits, and gains and losses from timber assets as a percent of net profits, of eight public companies and five state and territory government departments with material holdings of timber assets for four years. The authors argued that figures
provided an insight into the volatility caused by the fair value measurement. Elad (2004) complained that the IAS 41 is a major departure from historic cost accounting, could signal the demise of the French Plan Comptable Général Agricole (PGCA) model, entails the recognition of unrealized gains and increases profit volatility. However, Argilés and Slof (2001) welcomed fair value measurement for biological assets because it avoids the complexity of calculating their costs, given the
predominance of small family farms in Western countries, and specifically in the European Union (EU), with no resources and skills to perform accounting procedures and valuations. The nature of farming makes an historical-based valuation of biological assets inherently difficult because they are affected by procreation, growth, death, as well as typical problems, usually exceeded in agriculture, of joint-cost situations. This complexity is a specially acute problem for small family households. Kroll (1987) and Lewis and Jones (1980) concluded that historical costs are not very informative to users,
and allocations to assets are arbitrary in most cases. The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (1996) and the Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants (1986) recommended the historic cost, considering also the possibility of realizable value as an alternative. The French PGCA adhered also to the historic cost principle. However, Kroll (1987) regretted that the complexity in asset valuation and accounts was an important barrier to its use in practice. Elad (2004) points out that simplicity is not a merit of fair value where does not exist an active market for a biological asset. Argilés
and Slof (2001) stated that IAS 41 conceptual’s framework has already been in fact widely and successfully implemented in the EU through the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN), which has been fulfilling the role of a quasi-standard-setting body in the absence of previous pronouncements on agricultural standards from other authorities (Poppe and Beers, 1996).
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