In both aeration conditions, N content of the residues was the single parameter most highly correlated with N transformation Table 5, Table 6. In submerged conditions, polyphenols/N ratio exhibited the highest negative correlations with mineral N when compared with lignin/N, and ligninpolyphenols /N ratios Table 5. Polyphenols are known to bind with proteins and thus inhibit N release Handayanto et al. 1995. The fact that the polyphenols/N ratio exhibited high and significant negative correlations with N mineralization, while polyphenols on their own did not, indicates that the relative amounts of polyphenols and N determine N mineralization. This result highlights the significant influence of residues N on N mineralization. Toomsan et al. 2000 also found no significant effect of polyphenols on pre-rice green manure N recovery by rice but including the ligninpolyphenol/N ratio improved the prediction of residue N mineralization.