With increasing malaise and discontent among most sections of the Iranian population, the 1970s were characterized by growing despotism and repression, sig- naling an impending shift within Iran. The monarchy under Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi had failed to im- plement promised political and economic reforms, and faced growing economic difficulties in 1976 and 1977 despite huge income from oil exports, prompting mas- sive mobilization against his regime. The subsequent
overthrow of Iran’s monarchy and its replacement with an Islamic Republic under Ayatollah Ruhollah Kho- meini, a leader of the revolution, made Islam a politi- cal force throughout the Islamic world. By looking at the historical, domestic, international, and socioeco- nomic factors related to the revolution, this case study examines the turbulent context of Iranian society in the 1970s and the crucial role that religion played in shaping modern Iran.
With increasing malaise and discontent among most sections of the Iranian population, the 1970s were characterized by growing despotism and repression, sig- naling an impending shift within Iran. The monarchy under Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi had failed to im- plement promised political and economic reforms, and faced growing economic difficulties in 1976 and 1977 despite huge income from oil exports, prompting mas- sive mobilization against his regime. The subsequentoverthrow of Iran’s monarchy and its replacement with an Islamic Republic under Ayatollah Ruhollah Kho- meini, a leader of the revolution, made Islam a politi- cal force throughout the Islamic world. By looking at the historical, domestic, international, and socioeco- nomic factors related to the revolution, this case study examines the turbulent context of Iranian society in the 1970s and the crucial role that religion played in shaping modern Iran.
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