The dry matter content was determined by drying 2 g in an oven
at 105 C overnight. The ash content was determined according to
AACC method 08-12. The total starch content and total dietary fibre
content were measured according to AACC method 76-13 and AOAC
Method 991.43 (AACC, 2000), respectively, using Megazyme kits
(Megazyme International Ireland Ltd., Ireland). The protein content
was analysed using Dumas analysis (Nitrogen analyzer, FlashEA
1112 series, Thermo Scientific, Interscience) with a conversion
factor of N 5.95 (Shih, 2004). The arabinoxylans content was
analysed as described in a previous study (Wang et al., 2015b) by
using a modified phloroglucinol method (Douglas, 1981). All measurements
were done in duplicate.