4. Onsite waste treatment
4.1. Reduction of waste within the RAS
In most indoor RAS, ammonia removal and solids capture are the primary treatment processes within the recirculation loop. Although intended to collect or convert fish waste, these online
treatment processes might lead to a considerable waste reduction through production of mainly gaseous carbon and nitrogen compounds by biological decay. The extent of this decay, mainly due
to heterotrophic microorganisms, largely depends on the specific