The influence of trees on the solar radiation intercepted by buildings is an important aspect in understanding
the complex inter-relations between urban form and environmental conditions. In this paper
we describe the application of laser remote sensing technologies to examine the structural properties
of the urban surface and present methods to quantify the diurnal and seasonal impact of trees on solar
radiation in these areas. LiDAR (light detection and ranging) data provides the three dimensional information
required to populate geographic information system-based radiation models, which are produced
at hourly intervals for the summer and winter solstice and equinox in a midlatitude North American
city. Structural information for buildings and trees are extracted for individual lots and related to direct
and diffuse radiation for urban residential dwellings. Results indicate that trees on average reduce 38%
of the total solar radiation received by residential building rooftops. Additionally, strong correlations
were found between measures of tree structure (average height, tree height variability, and normalized
tree volume) and intercepted direct radiation in the summer, while the relationships with diffuse radiation
were consistent throughout the year. Finally, an examination of the hourly relation between tree
structural attributes and rooftop radiation estimates demonstrates substantial variation not apparent in
the assessment of daily averages. Discussion of this research explains the application of LiDAR data to
automate urban vegetation analysis and to inform planners of the cumulative impacts of trees on energy
management initiatives in cities.
The influence of trees on the solar radiation intercepted by buildings is an important aspect in understandingthe complex inter-relations between urban form and environmental conditions. In this paperwe describe the application of laser remote sensing technologies to examine the structural propertiesof the urban surface and present methods to quantify the diurnal and seasonal impact of trees on solarradiation in these areas. LiDAR (light detection and ranging) data provides the three dimensional informationrequired to populate geographic information system-based radiation models, which are producedat hourly intervals for the summer and winter solstice and equinox in a midlatitude North Americancity. Structural information for buildings and trees are extracted for individual lots and related to directand diffuse radiation for urban residential dwellings. Results indicate that trees on average reduce 38%of the total solar radiation received by residential building rooftops. Additionally, strong correlationswere found between measures of tree structure (average height, tree height variability, and normalizedtree volume) and intercepted direct radiation in the summer, while the relationships with diffuse radiationwere consistent throughout the year. Finally, an examination of the hourly relation between treestructural attributes and rooftop radiation estimates demonstrates substantial variation not apparent inthe assessment of daily averages. Discussion of this research explains the application of LiDAR data to
automate urban vegetation analysis and to inform planners of the cumulative impacts of trees on energy
management initiatives in cities.
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