Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an umbrella term for the conditions of chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Bronchodilator therapy is essential in managing symptoms, reducing exacerbations and improving quality of life. COPD is generally diagnosed and managed in primary care, so practitioners working in general practice and community settings are likely to be involved in the management of patients with COPD. The aim of this article is to increase understanding of how bronchodilators work and of factors that influence the selection of inhaler devices. To encourage best practice, the article also highlights the importance of teaching and monitoring inhaler technique: both are essential to ensuring high standards of care for patients with COPD.