The Tai languages originated in central and southern China, stretching from Yunnan to Guangdong, as well as Hainan and adjacent regions of northern Vietnam. Tai-language speakers arrived in South-East Asia around 1000 A.D., displacing or absorbing earlier peoples and setting up city-states on the peripheries of the Indianised kingdoms of the Mon and Khmer. The Tai kingdoms of the Mekong River valley became tributes of the Kingdom of Lan Xang mandala (Isan: ล้านซ้าง, RSTG: lan chang, Lao: ລ້ານຊ້າງ, BGCN: lan xang, /lȃːn sȃːŋ/) from 1354-1707. Influences in the language include the Sanskrit and Pali terms for Indian cultural, religious, scientific and literary terms as well as the adoption of Indic scripts, as well as Mon-Khmer influences to the vocabulary. The Kingdom split into Kingdoms of Vientiane, Luang Phrabang, and Champasak, but they became vassals of Siam. Throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, several deportations of the Lao from the densely populated western bank of the Mekong to the hinterlands of Isan were undertaken by the Siamese armies, especially after the revolt of Chao Anouvong in 1828, when Vientiane was looted and depopulated. This weakened the Lao kingdoms as the population was shifted to Lao kingdoms in Isan, and small pockets of western and north-central Thailand, under greater Siamese control