The hydrological connectivity of freshwater ecosystems in the Amazon basin
makes themhighly sensitive to a broad range of anthropogenic activities occurring
in aquatic and terrestrial systems at local and distant locations. Amazon
freshwater ecosystems are suffering escalating impacts caused by expansions
in deforestation, pollution, construction of dams and waterways, and overharvesting
of animal and plant species. The natural functions of these ecosystems
are changing, and their capacity to provide historically important goods
and services is declining. Existing management policies—including national
water resources legislation, community-based natural resource management
schemes, and the protected area network that now epitomizes the Amazon
conservation paradigm—cannot adequately curb most impacts. Such management
strategies are intended to conserve terrestrial ecosystems, have design
and implementation deficiencies, or fail to account for the hydrologic connectivity
of freshwater ecosystems. There is an urgent need to shift the Amazon
conservation paradigm, broadening its current forest-centric focus to encompass
the freshwater ecosystems that are vital components of the basin. This
is possible by developing a river catchment-based conservation framework for
the whole basin that protects both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.
The hydrological connectivity of freshwater ecosystems in the Amazon basinmakes themhighly sensitive to a broad range of anthropogenic activities occurringin aquatic and terrestrial systems at local and distant locations. Amazonfreshwater ecosystems are suffering escalating impacts caused by expansionsin deforestation, pollution, construction of dams and waterways, and overharvestingof animal and plant species. The natural functions of these ecosystemsare changing, and their capacity to provide historically important goodsand services is declining. Existing management policies—including nationalwater resources legislation, community-based natural resource managementschemes, and the protected area network that now epitomizes the Amazonconservation paradigm—cannot adequately curb most impacts. Such managementstrategies are intended to conserve terrestrial ecosystems, have designand implementation deficiencies, or fail to account for the hydrologic connectivityof freshwater ecosystems. There is an urgent need to shift the Amazonconservation paradigm, broadening its current forest-centric focus to encompassthe freshwater ecosystems that are vital components of the basin. Thisis possible by developing a river catchment-based conservation framework forthe whole basin that protects both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.
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