to access shared resources. While participants
sought to cope with their marginality by employing a range
of stigma management techniques, some described indirect
or ambiguous forms of communication with family members
that revealed a level of shared understanding about
morally questionable behaviors. Participants’ mothers
were particularly notable in this regard, sometimes admonishing
their sons to ‘‘be careful’’ and to ‘‘use condoms’’ –
somewhat vague warnings that, nevertheless, represented
the most direct forms of disclosure many of these men
experienced.