Hepatitis B is considered to be a dynamic disease as it can change over time and is thought to have four phases (Oakes, 2014):
» Immune tolerant phase;
» Immune clearance phase (immunoactive);
» Inactive carrier phase (immune control);
» Reactivation phase. The management of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is complex and a period of monitoring is often needed to inform the management of patients; those with inactive disease require lifelong monitoring.