At the researched American firms, headquarters human resources
departments/business units manage all senior-level managers worldwide,
regardless of their nationality. Performance appraisal/promotion systems of the
American firms are basically applied for all managers and employees in the world.
Compared to the Japanese firms, the power of international human resources
management is more centralized to the headquarters human resources
departments/business units of the American firms. The American subsidiaries in
Japan have very limited power in terms of their discretion over human resources
management. European firms that we researched roughly manage the limited
number of senior-level managers in the world than the American firms. The power of the human resources management at the European firms tends to delegate to
their subsidiaries than that at the American firms.