Unfreezing, Moving, and Refreezing. Many organization development efforts utilize a change process originally proposed by Kurt Lewin (1952). Dougals McGregor and Kurt Lewin were at MIT together, and both contributed to the development of the early T-Group ideas. McGregor saw the potential of these, ideas for organization development. the initial concept was that T-groups would serve to unfreeze existing thinking and behavior and foster the realization that change is needed
. then agents of change and consultants would move in to establish new, more participative systems. finally, these new systems would be reinforced or refrozen by a new set of rewards and sanctions. in the end, a changed organization would result. Exhibit 11-3 outlines the process. It is a key ingredient of organization development today (Schein, 1987).