Cross-case analysis suggests that in these cases, as in our previous research, WBE must meet the needs of individualstudentsintheareasofplanningforlearning, communication, and social support. When WBE accomplishes this, youth can transform themselves from disengagedortimidobserverstoconfidentparticipants, assuming increasing responsibilities in a dental clinic [8], a veterinary clinic [7], or a water treatment plant [40]. When individual needs for planning for learning, communication, and social support are not met, at-risk youth can flounder in the workplace just as they have in formal schooling [36]