The natural occurrence of 1 and 2 is further supported by
its extraction and isolation procedures, which were under
mild conditions without the use of any nitrogen-containing
solvents and chromatographic materials. The biogenesis of 1
and 2 is of great interest given its unique structure. To
account for the biogenetic origin of compound 1 and 2, a
plausible biosynthetic pathway was proposed as illustrated
in Scheme 1. Compounds 1 and 2 were produced from the
precursor of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) through
aminolysis, oxidation, and aromatization reactions [34]. To the
best of our knowledge, no ethanolamine adducts of terpenoid
alkaloids have been reported so far. However, N-hydroxyethyl
derivative of natural alkaloids has been isolated [35].
The in vitro antimalarial activities (IC50 values) of compounds
1 and 2 were tested against themultidrug-resistant K1
strain of P. falciparum. In this experiment, compounds 1 and 2
exhibited significant activity with IC50 values of 0.42 and
0.79 μM, respectively, compared to IC50 value of 0.48 μM for
chloroquine used as a control. Considering the seeds of C. minax
as therapeutical agents for the treatment of malaria in the
Chinese traditional medicine, it can be concluded that the
cassane diterpenoid alkaloids may be responsible for the
biological activity of C. minax
The natural occurrence of 1 and 2 is further supported by
its extraction and isolation procedures, which were under
mild conditions without the use of any nitrogen-containing
solvents and chromatographic materials. The biogenesis of 1
and 2 is of great interest given its unique structure. To
account for the biogenetic origin of compound 1 and 2, a
plausible biosynthetic pathway was proposed as illustrated
in Scheme 1. Compounds 1 and 2 were produced from the
precursor of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) through
aminolysis, oxidation, and aromatization reactions [34]. To the
best of our knowledge, no ethanolamine adducts of terpenoid
alkaloids have been reported so far. However, N-hydroxyethyl
derivative of natural alkaloids has been isolated [35].
The in vitro antimalarial activities (IC50 values) of compounds
1 and 2 were tested against themultidrug-resistant K1
strain of P. falciparum. In this experiment, compounds 1 and 2
exhibited significant activity with IC50 values of 0.42 and
0.79 μM, respectively, compared to IC50 value of 0.48 μM for
chloroquine used as a control. Considering the seeds of C. minax
as therapeutical agents for the treatment of malaria in the
Chinese traditional medicine, it can be concluded that the
cassane diterpenoid alkaloids may be responsible for the
biological activity of C. minax
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The natural occurrence of 1 and 2 is further supported by
its extraction and isolation procedures, which were under
mild conditions without the use of any nitrogen-containing
solvents and chromatographic materials. The biogenesis of 1
and 2 is of great interest given its unique structure. To
account for the biogenetic origin of compound 1 and 2, a
plausible biosynthetic pathway was proposed as illustrated
in Scheme 1. Compounds 1 and 2 were produced from the
precursor of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) through
aminolysis, oxidation, and aromatization reactions [34]. To the
best of our knowledge, no ethanolamine adducts of terpenoid
alkaloids have been reported so far. However, N-hydroxyethyl
derivative of natural alkaloids has been isolated [35].
The in vitro antimalarial activities (IC50 values) of compounds
1 and 2 were tested against themultidrug-resistant K1
strain of P. falciparum. In this experiment, compounds 1 and 2
exhibited significant activity with IC50 values of 0.42 and
0.79 μM, respectively, compared to IC50 value of 0.48 μM for
chloroquine used as a control. Considering the seeds of C. minax
as therapeutical agents for the treatment of malaria in the
Chinese traditional medicine, it can be concluded that the
cassane diterpenoid alkaloids may be responsible for the
biological activity of C. minax
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