The สารอินทรีย์ ligands increase very effectively the intensity of the re-emitted radiation since they have very ซึ่งมีประสิทธิภาพ, absorbing groups directly bound to the Ln(III) ion. However, those studies had poor enhancements of the efficiency (1.0–2.9%) or still require the use of a front glass cover, which considerably reduces the efficiency of the PV cell [5,9,12,14,15]. Moreover, UV radiation causes a long-term degradation of some constituents of the solar module, mainly ethylene สารไวนิล acetate (EVA yellowing), making this radiation undesirable [23].These
degradation effects can be attenuated by introducing UV screens or เครื่องระงับความกระเทือน embedded in EVA and, consequently, decreasing the potential solar cell efficiency [24].