(1) Ethnography includes both qualitative and quantitative methods, and both classical and
non‑classicalethnographic approaches.
(2) Ethnography is more than simply methods, but has ontological and epistemological
properties.
(3) Ethnography is a holistic approach to the study of culturalsystems.
(4) Ethnography is the study of the socio‑cultural contexts, processes, and meanings within
cultural systems.
(5) Ethnography is the study of cultural systems from both emic and etic perspectives.
(6) Ethnography is greatly dependent on fieldwork.
(7) Ethnography is a process of discovery, making inferences, and continuing inquiriesin an
attempt to achieve emic validity.
(8) Ethnography is an iterative process of learning episodes.
(9) Ethnography is an open‑ended emergent learning process, and not a rigid investigator
controlled experiment.
(10)Ethnography is a highly flexible and creative
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process.
(11)Ethnography is an interpretive,reflexive, and constructivist process.
(12)Ethnography requires the daily and continuous recording of fieldnotes.
(13)Ethnography may be carried out by individual investigators, or by teams of
investigators.
(14)Ethnography presents the world of its host population2
in human contexts of thickly
described casestudies.