Humans are the most studied taxonomic group. Factors associated with the prevalence of the disease, as established through research, include: occupational factors, hygiene conditions, frequent contact with rodents, and owning/working with animals, all of which considerably increase the risks of contagion [22-26]. Medical treatment depends on the severity of the symptoms. Severe leptospirosis may be treated with intravenous penicillin, less severe cases may be treated with antibiotics such as amoxycillin, ampicillin, doxycycline or erythromycin. Ceftriaxone also appears to be effective [27]. On the other hand, results from a review assessing seven clinical trials that tested antibiotics to treat leptospirosis showed that the benefit of antibiotic therapy remains unclear, particularly for severe cases [28]. Although the use of antibiotics is controversial, the World Health Organization [21] recommends that treatment be initiated with antibiotics as soon as leptospirosis is suspected.