As shown in Fig. 4(a), the conventional DSCs without
titanate nanofiber paper show a performance with a short-circuit
photocurrent density (Isc) of 11.3 mA cm−2, an open-circuit photovoltage
(Voc) of 0.63 V, a fill factor (FF) of 0.54, and an overall conversion
efficiency (η) of 3.85%