Much like the authors in the July, 2005 issue of Science demonstrate that science is alive and well, the chapters in this Handbook illustrate the vitality of education as a discipline. We have learned much about science learners and learning, and science teachers and teaching over that past 80 or so years of research. According to the chapter authors, many questions remain open for investigation. Surely many other questions we have not yet thought to ask. As we continue to ask and investigate questions in science education, we believe it is crucial to keep a few quidelines in mind.