1. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has approved its country partnership strategy for 2012–2015 to support the Government of Viet Nam (ADB 2012). The objective of this paper is to provide guidance to ADB’s Viet Nam country program on applying ADB’s corporate strategies on environment and climate change and responding to lessons learned in Viet Nam’s operations to improve ongoing and future priority sector activities. The paper does not attempt to give a comprehensive scientific analysis of environment and climate change in Viet Nam; rather, it is a review of major environment and climate change issues in Viet Nam and their impact on socioeconomic development. It summarizes these major issues, reviews government initiatives to address them, and discusses ADB strategies for continued technical support and investment. The paper includes a discussion of sector risks and opportunities in the agriculture and natural resources (ANR), energy, health, transport, urban, and water sectors.