The world of aviation, which by its very nature knows no geographical or political boundaries, requires maps that are unlike those used in ground transportation. For the safe performance of air operations it is essential that a current, comprehensive and authoritative source of navigation information be made available at all times, and aeronautical charts provide a convenient medium for supplying this information in a manageable, condensed and coordinated manner. It is often said that a picture is worth a thousand words, however, today’s often complex aeronautical charts may be worth much more. Aeronautical charts not only provide the two dimensional information common in most maps, but also often portray three dimensional air traffic service systems. Almost all ICAO States produce aeronautical charts and most segments of aviation make reference to them for planning, air traffic control and navigation purposes. Without the global standardization of aeronautical charts it would be difficult for pilots and other chart users to effectively find and interpret important navigation information. The safe and efficient flow of air traffic is facilitated by aeronautical charts drawn to accepted ICAO Standards.
The Standards, Recommended Practices and explanatory notes contained in Annex 4 define the obligations of States to make available certain ICAO aeronautical chart types, and specify chart coverage, format, identification and content including standardized symbology and colour use. The goal is to satisfy the need for uniformity and consistency in the provision of aeronautical charts that contain appropriate information of a defined quality. When a published aeronautical chart contains “ICAO” in its title, this indicates that the chart producer has conformed to both general Annex 4 Standards and those pertaining to a particular ICAO chart type.
The ICAO Council first adopted the original Standards and Recommended Practices in 1948. Annex 4 has its origins in “Annex J - Aeronautical Maps and Charts” of the Draft Technical Annexes adopted by the International Civil Aviation Conference in Chicago in 1944. Since the adoption of the first edition which provided specifications for seven ICAO chart types, there have been fifty-three amendments to update the Annex to accommodate the rapid advances in air navigation and cartographic technology. The ICAO series of aeronautical charts now consists of twenty-one types, each intended to serve specialized purposes. They range from detailed charts for individual aerodromes/heliports to small-scale charts for flight planning purposes and include electronic aeronautical charts for cockpit display.
There are three series of charts available for planning and visual navigation, each with a different scale. The Aeronautical Navigation Chart — ICAO Small Scale charts cover the largest area for a given amount of paper; they provide a general purpose chart series suitable for long-range flight planning. The World Aeronautical Chart — ICAO 1 : 1 000 000 charts provide complete world coverage with uniform presentation of data at a constant scale, and are used in the production of other charts. The Aeronautical Chart — ICAO 1:500 000 series supplies more detail and provides a suitable medium for pilot and navigation training. This series is most suitable for use by low-speed, short- or medium- range aircraft operating at low and intermediate altitudes.
The vast majority of scheduled flights take place along routes defined by radio and electronic navigation systems that make visual reference to the ground unnecessary. This type of navigation is conducted under instrument flight rules and the flight is required to comply with air traffic control services procedures.The Enroute Chart — ICAO portrays the air traffic service system, radio navigation aids and other aeronautical information essential to en-route navigation under instrument flight rules. It is designed for easy handling in the crowded space of an aircraft flight deck, and the presentation of information is such that it can easily be read in varying conditions of natural and artificial light. Where flights cross extensive oceanic and sparsely settled areas, the Plotting Chart — ICAO provides a means of maintaining a continuous flight record of aircraft position and is sometimes produced to complement the more complex enroute charts.
The world of aviation, which by its very nature knows no geographical or political boundaries, requires maps that are unlike those used in ground transportation. For the safe performance of air operations it is essential that a current, comprehensive and authoritative source of navigation information be made available at all times, and aeronautical charts provide a convenient medium for supplying this information in a manageable, condensed and coordinated manner. It is often said that a picture is worth a thousand words, however, today’s often complex aeronautical charts may be worth much more. Aeronautical charts not only provide the two dimensional information common in most maps, but also often portray three dimensional air traffic service systems. Almost all ICAO States produce aeronautical charts and most segments of aviation make reference to them for planning, air traffic control and navigation purposes. Without the global standardization of aeronautical charts it would be difficult for pilots and other chart users to effectively find and interpret important navigation information. The safe and efficient flow of air traffic is facilitated by aeronautical charts drawn to accepted ICAO Standards.The Standards, Recommended Practices and explanatory notes contained in Annex 4 define the obligations of States to make available certain ICAO aeronautical chart types, and specify chart coverage, format, identification and content including standardized symbology and colour use. The goal is to satisfy the need for uniformity and consistency in the provision of aeronautical charts that contain appropriate information of a defined quality. When a published aeronautical chart contains “ICAO” in its title, this indicates that the chart producer has conformed to both general Annex 4 Standards and those pertaining to a particular ICAO chart type.The ICAO Council first adopted the original Standards and Recommended Practices in 1948. Annex 4 has its origins in “Annex J - Aeronautical Maps and Charts” of the Draft Technical Annexes adopted by the International Civil Aviation Conference in Chicago in 1944. Since the adoption of the first edition which provided specifications for seven ICAO chart types, there have been fifty-three amendments to update the Annex to accommodate the rapid advances in air navigation and cartographic technology. The ICAO series of aeronautical charts now consists of twenty-one types, each intended to serve specialized purposes. They range from detailed charts for individual aerodromes/heliports to small-scale charts for flight planning purposes and include electronic aeronautical charts for cockpit display.There are three series of charts available for planning and visual navigation, each with a different scale. The Aeronautical Navigation Chart — ICAO Small Scale charts cover the largest area for a given amount of paper; they provide a general purpose chart series suitable for long-range flight planning. The World Aeronautical Chart — ICAO 1 : 1 000 000 charts provide complete world coverage with uniform presentation of data at a constant scale, and are used in the production of other charts. The Aeronautical Chart — ICAO 1:500 000 series supplies more detail and provides a suitable medium for pilot and navigation training. This series is most suitable for use by low-speed, short- or medium- range aircraft operating at low and intermediate altitudes.The vast majority of scheduled flights take place along routes defined by radio and electronic navigation systems that make visual reference to the ground unnecessary. This type of navigation is conducted under instrument flight rules and the flight is required to comply with air traffic control services procedures.The Enroute Chart — ICAO portrays the air traffic service system, radio navigation aids and other aeronautical information essential to en-route navigation under instrument flight rules. It is designed for easy handling in the crowded space of an aircraft flight deck, and the presentation of information is such that it can easily be read in varying conditions of natural and artificial light. Where flights cross extensive oceanic and sparsely settled areas, the Plotting Chart — ICAO provides a means of maintaining a continuous flight record of aircraft position and is sometimes produced to complement the more complex enroute charts.
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