Analysis of the SAGE survey microdata demonstrated that nearly 50% of elderly urban residents (≥ 65) did not have any ‘formal education
or did not complete primary school’ compared to 86.8% living in rural settings, (latest estimates show that 77% of men and women ≥ 65
are urban residents compared to 23% whose primary residence is in rural settings) [35]. Urban elderly residents were more likely to have
completed higher education than their rural counterparts. There are no clear differences in educational attainment between elderly men
and women.