Radiology studies may include X-rays
of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder to
assess for abnormalities, such as calculi.
An I.V. pyelogram and a contrast
cystogram can show structural defects.
A voiding cystourethrogram can demonstrate
functional abnormalities.
Urodynamic studies can provide information
such as bladder capacity and
sensation, contractility, and ability to
empty.