403: SECTION A:
Q.1. Means of Buddha and Karl Marx
1. Means of Buddha:
- PancaSila: to remove the cause of misery, he preached the practice of PancaSila.
- Noble Fight-Fold Path: For the removal of man’s inequity towards man, the Buddha prescribed the Noble Eight-Fold Path. The aim of the Noble Eight-Fold Path is to establish on earth the kingdom of righteousness, and thereby to banish sorrow and unhappiness from the face of the world.
- The doctrine of Nibbana and Ten Asavas or Hindrances.
- The doctrine of Paramitas. The doctrine of Paraimitas inculcates the practice of ten virtues in one's daily life.
It is clear that the means adopted by the Buddha were to convert a man by changing his moral disposition to follow the path voluntarily.
2. Means of Karl Marx:
- Violence and
- Dictatorship of the Proletariat.
The Communists say that there are the only two means of establishing communism. The first is violence. Nothing short of it will suffice to break up the existing system. The other is dictatorship of the proletariat. Nothing short of it will suffice to continue the new system.
Q.2. Ambedkar’s writings:
Dr. Ambedkar’s writings covered diverse subject of human interest such as law, economics, finance, administration, sociology, anthroplogy, politics, religion and Buddhism. It consists of four main parts:
1. The first four books written by Dr. Ambedkar, namely,
- Ancient Indian Commerce’(degree of M.A),
- The Evolution of Provincial Finance in British India (Ph.D).
- Provincial Decentralisation of Imperial Finance in British India
- Problem of the Rupees
2. The most important and thought-provoking books written by Dr. Ambedkar:
- Thoughts on Pakistan, 1940
- What Congress and Gandhi have done to the Untouchables, 1945
- Who were the Shudras? 1946
- The Untouchable, 1948
- The Buddha and His Dhamma, 1957
3. Whatever Dr. Ambedkar spoke or wrote:
- Castes in India (1916).
- Annihilation of Caste (1936).
- Federation versus Freedom (1939).
- Ranade, Gandhi and Jinnah (1943).
4. Writings on Buddhism:
- Volumn 3: + Revolution and the counter revolution.
+ Buddha and Karl Marx.
- Volumn 4: + Palilanguague.
+ Pali grammar.
+ Pali dictionary.
+ Buddha pooja path.
- Volumn 17: + The Buddha and future of his religion.
+ Buddha and his Dharma.
+ The Buddhist society of India.
+ The position of women in Hindu and Buddhism.