Hedgerows lining the orchard are plant assemblages comprising tree species that may constitute are reservoir, or a source, of natural enemies, and also the source of infestation or infection by pests and diseases. Studies or reviews on the specific entomocenosis of many tree species planted in hedgerows are available in Southern France ,but precise and comprehensive in formation is stillmissing because of local specificity, climatic variations and time- consuming assessments by experts trained in arthropod systematics. Very few hedgerows dedicated to crop protection have been experimented on. The mixed hedgerow proposed by Rieux (1994) for the control of the pear psyllid Cacopsylla pyri in pear orchards and experimented on since 1992 in Southern France has been built up accordingto the following principles and experimentally assessed (Simon et al., 2009):
– exclude tree species hosting orchard or quarantine pests and diseases, i.e. hawthorn,which is the host of fireblight;
– provide some natural enemies,i.e.theone(s) activeagainst the main orchard pest(s) with various habitats and resources: shelter, hibernating site, and areas to escape within-crop cultural practices. These consist of hollow stems of herbaceous plants,bark crevices,evergreen leaves of bush or tree species, intertwine stems of creeping species; food such as pollen, nectar, alternate preys or hosts;
– organise all year long successive resources in order to maintain and multiply beneficial arthropods in the vicinity of the orchard;
– favour the motion of natural enemies from the hedgerow towards the orchard, using tree species hosting migrating alternate preys which induce natural enemies to search for new preys.
Hedgerows lining the orchard are plant assemblages comprising tree species that may constitute are reservoir, or a source, of natural enemies, and also the source of infestation or infection by pests and diseases. Studies or reviews on the specific entomocenosis of many tree species planted in hedgerows are available in Southern France ,but precise and comprehensive in formation is stillmissing because of local specificity, climatic variations and time- consuming assessments by experts trained in arthropod systematics. Very few hedgerows dedicated to crop protection have been experimented on. The mixed hedgerow proposed by Rieux (1994) for the control of the pear psyllid Cacopsylla pyri in pear orchards and experimented on since 1992 in Southern France has been built up accordingto the following principles and experimentally assessed (Simon et al., 2009):– exclude tree species hosting orchard or quarantine pests and diseases, i.e. hawthorn,which is the host of fireblight;– provide some natural enemies,i.e.theone(s) activeagainst the main orchard pest(s) with various habitats and resources: shelter, hibernating site, and areas to escape within-crop cultural practices. These consist of hollow stems of herbaceous plants,bark crevices,evergreen leaves of bush or tree species, intertwine stems of creeping species; food such as pollen, nectar, alternate preys or hosts;– organise all year long successive resources in order to maintain and multiply beneficial arthropods in the vicinity of the orchard;– favour the motion of natural enemies from the hedgerow towards the orchard, using tree species hosting migrating alternate preys which induce natural enemies to search for new preys.
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Hedgerows lining the orchard are plant assemblages comprising tree species that may constitute are reservoir, or a source, of natural enemies, and also the source of infestation or infection by pests and diseases. Studies or reviews on the specific entomocenosis of many tree species planted in hedgerows are available in Southern France ,but precise and comprehensive in formation is stillmissing because of local specificity, climatic variations and time- consuming assessments by experts trained in arthropod systematics. Very few hedgerows dedicated to crop protection have been experimented on. The mixed hedgerow proposed by Rieux (1994) for the control of the pear psyllid Cacopsylla pyri in pear orchards and experimented on since 1992 in Southern France has been built up accordingto the following principles and experimentally assessed (Simon et al., 2009):
– exclude tree species hosting orchard or quarantine pests and diseases, i.e. hawthorn,which is the host of fireblight;
– provide some natural enemies,i.e.theone(s) activeagainst the main orchard pest(s) with various habitats and resources: shelter, hibernating site, and areas to escape within-crop cultural practices. These consist of hollow stems of herbaceous plants,bark crevices,evergreen leaves of bush or tree species, intertwine stems of creeping species; food such as pollen, nectar, alternate preys or hosts;
– organise all year long successive resources in order to maintain and multiply beneficial arthropods in the vicinity of the orchard;
– favour the motion of natural enemies from the hedgerow towards the orchard, using tree species hosting migrating alternate preys which induce natural enemies to search for new preys.
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