Normalization of data
– A process of analyzing the given relation schemas based on
their FDs and primary keys to achieve the desirable properties
of
• (1) minimizing redundancy and
• (2) minimizing the insertion, deletion, and update anomalies
– The normalization procedure provides database designers
with the following:
• A formal framework for analyzing relation schemas based on their
keys and on the functional dependencies among their attributes
• A series of normal form tests that can be carried out on individual
relation schemas so that the relational database can be normalized
to any desired degree
• Denormalization
– The process of storing the join of higher normal form relations
as a base relation, which is in a lower normal form.