In this study, there was a
separate recirculation system for every tank. All fish
were maintained at 25 ± 1C with 50% water change
every 2 days before the addition of probiotics and
12 h dark/12 h light photoperiod during the entire
trial. For water quality control, temperature and
dissolved oxygen were measured daily, and measurements
of total ammonium, nitrite, and pH levels were
made weekly using the Hach kit model DREL 2400