The small number of barnacles that recruited in uncaged controls under macroalgal
canopy is consistent with whiplash, which is well-known from other studies (e.g.
Dayton, 1971; Hawkins, 1983; Jernakoff, 1985; Jenkins et al., 1999; Leonard, 1999).
Cages clearly protected recruits in the natural canopy treatment from whiplash. But it is
likely the greater number of recruits in cages in the cleared macroalgal treatment may be
the product of reduced hydrodynamic forces without the effects of whiplash.