Re-manufacturing executives were asked to identify the greatest threats to industry growth over the next 10 years. The majority (60%) cited the increased pressure to reduce re-manufacturing lead times continuously, and many (38%) others cited the lack of formal systems (e.g., operations, accounting, and logistics) for managing their businesses. Other threats identified included lack of cores (50%), products designed for disposal (34%), and rapid technological changes (28%). The need for academics to develop new systems and evaluate the applicability of present systems is clear