These new and moral principles of diplomacy stemmed from the view that old diplomacy was immoral and encouraged conspiracies and war. These new assumptions were strengthened by the growing influence of media and public opinion, which demanded an open and democratic diplomacy. The expectation was that diplomatic practice in general would change and, in particular, the conduct of international negotiations. Open international conferences, multilateral diplomacy, and personal involvement of politicians increased, so that the role of professional diplomats became more limited (Eban 1985: 10 Watson 1983: 121).