Energy is the prime mover for socio-economic development.
The World’s economic growth is affected by climatic change, fuel
price hike, and the gradual depletion of fossil fuel reserves.
Therefore, to increase energy security for economic development,
the need to search for an alternative source of energy such as
biodiesel is necessary [1,2]. Biodiesel is renewable, sustainable,
biodegradable, and emits low greenhouse gases [3,4]. As well, the
oxygen content of 11–15% in the molecular structure speed up the
combustion process in compression ignition engines and decreases
pollutants such as soot, fine particles, and carbon monoxide (CO)