4.2 Making use of the user model The adaptation of tourist services to personal interests helps to improve usability of handheld devices. When the user requests a service in a very simple way, the request is probably not specified by all the parameters that are needed to get a good result from a service. If user interests are known, the request can be specified automatically to get better results. This would result in a query outcome that contains only objects according to the assumed user interest. It might be inappropriate to confine users to such offers that match their assumed interest. We instead prefer to sort outcome of a query according to a ranking that considers all user interests relevant for the required service. Another way to use the user interests would be to filter, i.e. to select the most interesting objects only. This shall be used under certain conditions, such as pro
active tips, when it is important to offer a small set of objects only. In general, we consider filtering too restrictive. A user’s interest may vary under circumstances which cannot be modelled in necessary detail to predict such changes of taste. Also, learning interests from user interaction relies on offering a broad scope of information and services to the user, who then reveals his or her personal interests, for instance, by asking for more details about some of these objects. An essential usability requirement for user modelling is that users can inspect their model and that they can override the model's assumptions (Fischer 2001). CRUMPET allows users to inspect their model and change it on a PC dialog interface. The user can also override the system’s default values by explicitly specifying his or her current interest. Another concern of users with respect to user modelling is privacy. Customer privacy can be more easily guaranteed within the CRUMPET architecture (see section 6) where the user modelling is part of the middle-agents and accessible only for the mediation component. It is, therefore, intrinsically inaccessible to third parties like service providers. The trustworthiness of the CRUMPET agency itself has to be established by several technical and contractual means, which is not subject to the current project.
4.2 Making use of the user model The adaptation of tourist services to personal interests helps to improve usability of handheld devices. When the user requests a service in a very simple way, the request is probably not specified by all the parameters that are needed to get a good result from a service. If user interests are known, the request can be specified automatically to get better results. This would result in a query outcome that contains only objects according to the assumed user interest. It might be inappropriate to confine users to such offers that match their assumed interest. We instead prefer to sort outcome of a query according to a ranking that considers all user interests relevant for the required service. Another way to use the user interests would be to filter, i.e. to select the most interesting objects only. This shall be used under certain conditions, such as proactive tips, when it is important to offer a small set of objects only. In general, we consider filtering too restrictive. A user’s interest may vary under circumstances which cannot be modelled in necessary detail to predict such changes of taste. Also, learning interests from user interaction relies on offering a broad scope of information and services to the user, who then reveals his or her personal interests, for instance, by asking for more details about some of these objects. An essential usability requirement for user modelling is that users can inspect their model and that they can override the model's assumptions (Fischer 2001). CRUMPET allows users to inspect their model and change it on a PC dialog interface. The user can also override the system’s default values by explicitly specifying his or her current interest. Another concern of users with respect to user modelling is privacy. Customer privacy can be more easily guaranteed within the CRUMPET architecture (see section 6) where the user modelling is part of the middle-agents and accessible only for the mediation component. It is, therefore, intrinsically inaccessible to third parties like service providers. The trustworthiness of the CRUMPET agency itself has to be established by several technical and contractual means, which is not subject to the current project.
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